The pituitary is an important gland in the body and it is often referred to as the master gland, because it controls several of the other hormone glands e. Prolactin and the hormones released from the posterior pituitary vasopressin and oxytocin act directly on target tissues. Pituitary gland anatomy also called the hypophesis measures about 1 centimeter in diameter and 0. As the master gland, most of the effects of the pituitary gland is on the other endocrine glands of the body. Directly above the pituitary gland and in front of the pituitary stalk are the crossing fibers of the optic nerves, called the optic chiasm. The pituitary is attached to the hypothalamus, which is also a gland. Often there is a discrete piece of pituitary gland which leads to the problems, this is called a pituitary adenoma if it is large it. Pituitary gland, ductless endocrine gland located on the underside of the brain that secretes hormones into the bloodstream. Then share your knowledge by creating a yearbook profile for all 10 glands.
Location the pituitary gland is located at the base of the skull between the optic nerves. Pituitary tumors and the optic chiasma enlargement of the pituitary gland causes it to expand superiorly because it is located in the bony sella turcica. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Pituitary gland disorders signs, symptoms, treatment. Desired outcome the goals of treatment for pituitary gland disorders are to limit morbidity and mortality and return the patient to a normal functional state by removing the source of either increased or decreased state of the gland without causing any further pituitary complications. The gland is connected to a region of the brain called the hypothalamus by the pituitary stalk.
Ppt pituitary gland disorders powerpoint presentation. Pituitary gland problems can be seen either as an excess or deficiency of pituitary hormones or local effects of masses. Pituitary disorders generally occur when the pituitary gland is either too active or not active enough. This usually occurs in the presence of a tumor of the pituitary, although in 80% of cases this has not been diagnosed previously. The pituitary gland sometimes called thehypophysis is a small gland that. The pituitary gland sits in a pocket of the skull under the middle part of the brain.
The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it controls functions of other endocrine glands. Physiologically, divided into two distinct portions. It also makes the hormones prolactin and vasopressin, and growth hormone. The hypophysis or pituitary gland is the master gland of the body. Anterior pituitary adenohypophysis posterior pituitary neurohypophysis.
Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with. View and download powerpoint presentations on anterior pituitary hormones ppt. There are many diseases associated with the pituitary gland. Professor, department of anatomy bpkihs, dharan 17112016 2. Disorders of the pituitary gland is often only detected by the signs and symptoms of various diseases attributed to these other glands. Immunoglobulin g4 igg4related disease is a recently established systemic disease that commonly involves the head and neck, including the salivary glands, lacrimal glands, orbits, thyroid gland, lymph nodes, sinonasal cavities, pituitary gland, and larynx. A pituitary tumor pushes the diaphragma sellea upward and causes pressure on the optic chiasma. Pituitary gland position it lies in the middle cranial fossa it is well protected in sella turcica of body of sphenoid sella turcica 7. Gross anatomy, histology and developmental anatomy of pituitary gland dr. Pituitary gland anatomy, histology and embryology 1. Pituitary gland simple english wikipedia, the free. An overview of the pituitary gland the endocrine system. The pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the master gland because its hormones regulate other important endocrine glands, including. The pituitary is a peasized gland that is housed within a bony structure sella turcica at the base of the brain.
It sits within the bony sella turcica, covered by dura mater, and is attached to the hypothalamus by the pituitary stalk. Pituitary gland disorders and types of pituitary problems. The pituitary gland is termed the master gland because it directs other organs and endocrine glands to either suppress or induce. The pituitary controls a whole range of vital functions by secreting hormones the pituitary gland consists of two parts.
Anterior pituitary hormones complete presentation by dr. Pituitary apoplexy is bleeding into or impaired blood supply of the pituitary gland. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about anterior pituitary hormones ppt. It is connected to the brain through a stalk called infundibulum. The adobe flash plugin is needed to view this content.
Several hormones produced by thehypothalamus are stored here andreleased into the blood 2. The pituitary gland 1 the pituitary gland the hypothalamus significantly influences the. The blood leaving this primary capillary plexus then flows in parallel veins, the long portal vessels, down the pituitary stalk to the anterior lobe. The most common initial symptom is a sudden headache, often associated with a rapidly worsening visual field defect or double vision caused by compression of nerves surrounding the gland. Lies in sellaturcica bony cavity at the base of brain. The pituitary gland or hypophysis is an important part of the endocrine system. Ppt the pituitary gland powerpoint presentation free.
Generally, an ebook can be downloaded in five minutes or less. Except for prolactin, hormones released from the anterior pituitary stimulate the production of hormones by a peripheral endocrine gland, the liver, or other tissues. Ppt the pituitary gland powerpoint presentation free to download id. The pituitary gland is a small endocrine organ that controls a multitude of important functions in the body. This protrusion is called rathkes pouch and will develop into the anterior pituitary or adenohypophysis. Introduction the pituitary gland or hypophysis cerebri is an ovoid structure of about 0. The pituitary gland is ovoid and weighs about 500 mg. It regulates the amounts of hormone made by the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and testes or ovaries. The pituitary controls the function of most other endocrine glands and is therefore sometimes called. The pituitary gland sometimes called thehypophysis is a small gland that danglesfrom the base of the brain like a pea on astring. Anteriorly, a somatoectodermal protrusion from the rostral part of the stomodeum also known as the hypophyseal pouch of rathke.
Acromegaly cushings syndrome and cushings disease adult growth hormone deficiency hypopituitarism nonfunctioning tumors prolactinoma gamma knife radiation therapy for pituitary tumors. The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain and is about the size of a pea. On each side of the pituitary gland is the cavernous sinus. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Supporting cells called pituicytes make up about one fourth or. Early in gestation a finger of ectoderm grows upward from the roof of the mouth. According to classic anatomical terminology, the pituitary gland is divided into an anterior or adenohypophysis, a posterior or neurohypophysis, and an intermediate lobe. It is divided into an anterior lobe, intermediate zone, and posterior lobe, all of which are involved in either hormone production or hormone secretion. Anatomy of the pituitary gland who suffer s from pituitary. The pituitary is located at the base of the brain, in a small depression of the sphenoid bone sella turcica. Well go over the anatomy and function of the pituitary gland, the hormones it stores and. Pathology of the pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid and. The pituitary gland is targeted by the hypothalamic parvocellular neuroendocrine system through a hormonal feedback mechanism. Pituitary gland 100x while the anterior pituitary a is made up almost entirely of cells, the posterior pituitary p contains few cells and a lot of nerve cell processesthe axons of hypothalamic neurons.
Overview of the pituitary gland hormonal and metabolic. It is usually about the size of a pea and consists of two parts often called lobes a front part, called the anterior pituitary and a back part, called the posterior pituitary. Compared with other endocrine glands, it produces the largest number of hormones, including some that control the other endocrine glands of the body. The effect of mr contrast medium dose on pituitary gland enhancement, microlesion enhancement and pituitary glandtolesion contrast conspicuity 3 may 2006 neuroradiology, vol. Hypothalamus and pituitary the main point if there is insufficient fluid in the extracellular space, osmolarity increases, and water will begin to leave cells. Ppt hypothalamus and pituitary powerpoint presentation. The pituitary gland is a small structure that affects many areas of your body and overall health. Pituitary disorders acromegaly, cushings disease, aghd. The pituitary gland has two embryologic origins and as a result, it has functionally and histologically distinct parts. Pathology of the pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid and adrenal glands. This article was originally published in the encycl opedia of food an d health published by elsevier, and the. Presenting parts the pituitary has two major parts anterior lobe adenohypophysis posterior lobe neurohypophysis differ in their. The pituitary society provides detailed information on these illnesses. Taradi 1interactive physiology hypophysis pituitary glandpituitary gland hypophysishypophysis prof.
Pituitary is named so because it was though that a. Slide 1 hypothalamic hormones travel through portal veins to the anterior pituitary where they stimulate or inhibit release of hormones made in the anterior pituitary. The sella turcica protects the pituitary but allows very little room for expansion. It has two lobes that have different functions and secrete separate hormones. The pituitary gland, in humans, is a peasized gland that sits in a protective bony enclosure called the sella turcica.