In this regard, cooling towers are key parts of many power. Changing any one of these parameters can impact significantly the operating performance of the cooling tower and in most cases will degrade efficiency or the ability of the cooling tower to meet design requirements. Unlike tall cooling towers used in large conventional plants, the cooling tower performance does not. Lab 1b cooling tower performance and sensors for thermal. F o r m u l a s a n d t a b l es formulasandtables fanlaws. Performance analyses of counterflow closed wet cooling towers. The towers essentially a cooling tower is a type of heat exchanger.
The cooling tower must be adequately sized to reject this same amount of heat to the atmosphere. Performance report of induced draft cross flow cooling tower. Variations in tower performance associated with changes in the remaining parameters are covered in. Acceptance test conducted to verify that a new or rebuilt tower meets contract performance specification requirements. It is the temperature difference between cooling tower entering hot water and leaving. Starting in january 1993, the cti has provided these testing services through several testing agencies, each examined, qualified, and licensed by the cti to conduct such tests. Thermal performance of a cooling tower depends principally on the entering air wetbulb temperature. Cooling towers are used to reject heat through the natural process of evaporation. Best practice guidelines cooling towers does your building use cooling towers as part of its air conditioning system. Keywords power plant, cooling tower, induced draft, range, approach, environmental conditions, cooling capacity, evaporation loss, lg ratio. An opencircuit cooling tower, commonly called a cooling. Cooling tower performance basic theory and practice subject. It is the requirement of heatenergy to increase the temperature by 1of of onepond of water between 32 and 212of.
Pdf cooling tower performance prediction and improvement. Status test conducted to determine the thermal capability or actual operating parameters of an older tower. Earlier models focus mostly on developing a static solution for how the cooling tower will act at specific instances, but reality is not static. The cooling tower performance prediction and improvement eppi report. A new model for tower performance prediction is imperative since economizer operation occurs at low temperatures and most cooling towers come equipped with vfds. Factors affecting cooling tower performance capacity utilization amount of water circulated range determined by the process it is serving determined by heat load and water circulation rate thus range. Cooling tower bureau of energy efficiency 9 figure 7. Cooling towers are characterized by two terms the approach and the range.
Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower approach. Part i outlines the steps necessary to improve cooling tower operations including a simple checklist for easy reference. Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach. Cooling tower performance, basic theory and practice available from spx cooling technologies was indicated to be a function of the total water surface that the. Providing thermal design solutions for wetcooling towers i am consulting in the design and performance of wetcooling towers. Cooling tower efficiency guide property managers improving cooling tower operations how to use this guide this guide is structured in two parts. As suggested in the aforementioned technical report, it may.
Cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. Warm recirculating water is sent to the cooling tower where a portion of the water is evaporated into the air passing through the tower. Here we explain in full detail how does a cooling tower work, cooling tower working principles with example text, pictures and diagrams. If a cooling tower is discharging blowdown from the cooling tower basin or cooling water supply pipe, a simple piping change to discharge blowdown water from the cooling water piping returning hot water to the tower can provide a 12% improvement in the energy efficiency of the hvac cooling system. Cooling tower performance and sensors for thermalfluid systems. Intent in the foreword of cooling tower fundamentals published by marley cooling technologies, inc. The professional engineer must be able to properly design and size and select a cooling tower to fit the hvac and refrigeration application. Cooling tower basics and common misconceptions introduction in comparison with most other industrial equipments, the water cooling tower is a simple device, based on the direct contact of two of the earths most common substances. Dear allii need some information about cooling tower performance check, using performance curve, calculation of cooling tower efficiency. Introduction the cooling tower is a steady flow device that uses a combination of mass and energy transfer to cool water by exposing it as an extended surface to the atmosphere. If, because of a suspected thermal performance deficiency, the owner chooses to conduct an onsite thermal performance test under the supervision of a.
They reject process heat from the cooling water to atmosphere and keep the water cool. Pdhonline course m121 4 pdh cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers 2012 instructor. For over 60 years, the cooling technology institute cti has provided cooling tower performance testing services to members and nonmembers alike. Acceptance test conducted to verify that a new or rebuilt tower meets contract performance specification. While all cooling towers continually reuse water, they can consume a significant. I can solve for the thermal performance for the following four types of wetcooling towers. To view the full content, you will need to purchase the standard by clicking on the buy button. Facts accumulated as a result of laboratory testing together with fullscale tests. The rate of heat transfer in the spraytype cooling tower shown as. Cooling tower performance posted in industrial professionals. Cooling tower performance industrial professionals. Cooling tower performance spx cooling technologies. The entering air drybulb temperature and relative humidity, talcen independently, have an insignificant effect on thermal verformance of mechanicaldraft cooling towers, but do affect the rate of water evaporation in the cooling tower. Some of the commonly used useful terms, in the cooling tower industry are btu britishthermalunits.
Cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers. The atmosphere from which a cooling tower draws its supply of air incorporates infinitely vari. The paper reports on a new approach to improving the performance of existing cooling towers, the oriented sprayassisted cooling tower osact, and shows how facts has been used to evaluate the. The range of the cooling tower is the difference between the entering and exiting temperatures of the. The packing used in this work is wire mesh with vertical vowmp and horizontal howmp orientations. See the more detailed explanation of cooling towers systems, diagrams, pictures and principles below table of contents what is a cooling tower how do cooling towers work. This combination of annual energy use cooling tower range 9. Cooling tower useful terms and cooling tower performance.
The primary task of a cool ing tower is to reject heat into the atmosphere. It is defined as the percentage of water that the tower can cool to the design cold water temperature when the inlet wetbulb, cooling range, water flow rate and fan motor power are all at their design value. Cooling towers are a very important part of many chemical plants. The tower thats placed in apparathallen in kemicentrum was investigated and used as a base for the model. Lab 1b cooling tower performance and sensors for thermalfluid. The fanlaws can be used topredi ctthe pe rformance ofa towerwitha nonstandard motor. Methodology for evaluation of cooling tower performance.
A cooling tower is an enclosed device for the evaporative cooling of water by contact with the air. The same group developed a cooling tower profiler ctp measuring technique for diagnostics of the ct performance as a part of the methodology presented in this paper. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. Cooling tower field performance testing introduction the purpose of a cooling tower test can be varied such as. Pdf temperature control is a significant requirement in the most industrial process. The most reliable means to assess the cooling tower thermal performance is tower capability. How to optimize the energy efficiency of cooling towers back to news when evaluating the success of any piece of industrial equipment, the main thing many people consider is the equipments priceperformance ratio how much it costs to operate the equipment weighed against with its ability to do its job, or simply called efficiency. Performance analysis of cooling tower international journal of.
A cooling tower use evaporative cooling to reduce the temperature of circulated water, and. If you read this book carefully, you can make any cooling tower design programs by yourself. Volumes 1 and 2 provides utility engineers with the data and computational methods needed to. Cooling tower plays a major role in chemical process industry. How to monitor daytoday cooling tower performance maintain your cooling towers for improved energy efficiency. Hilton h891 bench top cooling tower and its operating principles. An opencircuit cooling tower, commonly called a cooling tower, is a specialized heat exchanger in which two fluids air and water are. Cooling towers remove heat from a buildings air conditioning system by evaporating some of the recirculated water to cool the remainder. Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12 ho rsep ower 2 ho rsepow er 1c fm cfm 3 formulas. It is based on a mobile unit measuring the air temperature and velocity profiles across the. To predict andor evaluate the cooling tower performance, many numerical and analytical models have been developed on the basis of heat and. The data from the work can also be used in other courses where the equipment is studied. Introduction the purpose of a cooling tower test can be varied such as.
In this thesis, a new model to predict cooling tower performance is created to give a more accurate picture of the various energy conservation. Only informative sections of standards are publicly available. A method for predicting the performance of natural draft. The difference between the cold water temperature cooling tower outlet and ambient wet bulb temperature is called as cooling tower approach. How to optimize the energy efficiency of cooling towers. In the cooling tower industry, this desired temperature is referred to as the cold water temperature due to the fact that it is cooler than water entering the tower. Creating a new model to predict cooling tower performance. Assessing the performance of cooling towers and their.